I Ching Hexagram53:Jiàn(Gentle Progress)

The term “gradual progress” refers to a methodical, step-by-step advancement. The Jiàn (渐) hexagram is composed of the Gèn (艮) and Xùn (巽) trigrams.

From the symbolism of the hexagram, Gèn represents a mountain, while Xùn represents wood. When placed in this arrangement, with wood beneath and mountain above, it illustrates the idea of trees growing on a mountain. The reason these trees appear especially tall is that they grow on higher ground. This shows that everything has a cause, and development follows a natural order. This is the very principle of gradual progress, as discussed in the Jiàn hexagram.

Additionally, the wild goose is an emblem of gradual movement. In the spring, it migrates slowly northward, and in the autumn, it flies back southward. This cyclical pattern of migration demonstrates the principle of progress with timing, order, and sequence. The Jiàn hexagram draws upon this imagery to highlight the importance of steady, orderly advancement.

The text of Jiàn states: “Gradual. A woman’s return is auspicious. It is beneficial to remain true.” The development of things in the world generally follows a gradual, orderly progression. For example, learning a new skill, rising in a career, or making significant achievements in life requires a steady and methodical approach. If one rushes or steps out of line, disregarding the natural order, misfortune will follow. This principle of gradual progress is especially emphasized in the context of a woman’s marriage, which is why Jiàn focuses on this aspect in its interpretation.

The second to fifth lines of the hexagram are in their correct positions. Though the first line and the top line are not properly positioned, the top line represents the masculine energy of Yang and is at the top, while the bottom line represents the feminine Yin, positioned at the bottom. This arrangement mirrors the cosmic order of “heaven above, earth below,” which is the opposite of the Guī Mèi (归妹) hexagram, whose interpretation involves misalignment and thus, unfavorable outcomes.

The Jiàn hexagram’s text advises that a woman, as she enters marriage, should remain still and wait for the proper moment in her life. She should pass through the stages of courtship, and only when the wedding ceremony is complete does the union become formal. In the same way, a noble person must first accumulate virtue and wisdom, remaining humble and patient, rather than rushing to climb the social ladder through flattery or seeking power. Only by sticking to the right path, progressing gradually and steadily, can one achieve success.

Example Interpretation
In general, an organization or company in its early stages must first establish short, medium, and long-term goals, and then achieve them step by step. If the ambition is too large or the expansion too fast, unforeseen difficulties may arise, resulting in failure. However, if the organization’s goals are clear and all members work together, even though progress may be slow, steady and consistent action is the best guarantee for ultimate success.

(Chū Liù)

Hóng jiàn yú gān. Xiǎo zǐ lì. Yǒu yán. Wú jiù.
“Gān” refers to the riverbank. “Hóng” is a type of waterfowl. The first line, Chū Liù, is a Yīn line, representing softness and subtlety. Being the start of the hexagram, it signifies the beginning of a gradual progression. The first line doesn’t align with the fourth line, much like a wild goose that pauses at the riverbank before flying off into the distance. It doesn’t rush its journey. The noble person understands this principle and acts with patience and confidence. In contrast, the petty person, lacking understanding, is filled with fear and constantly complains. In reality, Chū Liù, being at the beginning, has vast potential for growth. Its softness prevents hasty actions, and the lack of alignment with the fourth line allows for a steady, gradual progression, perfectly embodying the spirit of the Jiàn hexagram, without fault.

Example Interpretation
In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and many ambitious individuals sought to make their mark, dreaming of great deeds and fame. However, Zhuge Liang, the legendary strategist, chose to retreat to the tranquil Longzhong, where he focused on self-cultivation—reading, reflecting, and preparing himself for the future. It wasn’t until Liu Bei made three visits to invite him that he agreed to serve as Liu Bei’s advisor. Zhuge Liang’s ability to remain patient and calm, fully embracing the Jiàn principle of gradual development, shows his profound understanding of this wisdom.

(Liù Èr)

Hóng jiàn yú pán. Yǐn shí kǎn kǎn. Jí
“Pán” refers to a large stone. “Kǎn kǎn” (康康) describes harmony and peace. The second line is Yīn, which is soft and receptive. It is positioned in the middle of the lower trigram and aligns with the fifth line, symbolizing harmony and balance between the two. This creates a smooth, steady progression in the relationship, echoing the idea of a woman’s marriage in the Jiàn hexagram, where things develop gradually and auspiciously. Much like the wild goose that gradually comes to rest on a large stone, where it nourishes itself and regains strength before continuing its journey, the situation here is poised for a prosperous outcome.

Example Interpretation
In modern society, the concept of love and marriage has evolved to place high value on individual choice, with relationships often starting as romantic courtships leading to marriage. However, there are times when circumstances, such as distance, separate the partners—perhaps because one must serve in the military, while the other remains at home. During this time, though physically apart, the couple can continue to nurture their bond through communication, waiting patiently for the day of reunion. As the woman remains steadfast in her commitment, content and at peace, their relationship deepens, with the anticipation of their future life together strengthening their connection. Just like the goose at rest, gathering strength before continuing its journey, their love, tested by time and distance, will only grow stronger.

(Jiǔ Sān)

Hóng jiàn yú lù. Fū zhēng bù fù. Fù yùn bù yù. Xiōng. Lì yù kòu.
“Lù” refers to the plains. “Fū” and “Fù” both refer to the Jiǔ Sān line, which represents a state of imbalance. Jiǔ Sān aligns with the upper line, yet the alignment is flawed, creating a misalignment of energies. The wild goose, having reached the flat land, should pause, hold steady, and wait for the right moment. This is in line with the principle of gradual, measured progress emphasized by the Jiàn hexagram. However, Jiǔ Sān represents an overly assertive, Yáng line, positioned too aggressively. It is too forceful, lacking the subtlety required for proper growth and understanding of the middle path. Much like a man who rushes into battle and never returns, this line speaks of actions taken in haste, without regard for balance, leading to failure. The “husband goes to war and does not return” and the “wife conceives but cannot nurture” suggest that premature, forceful actions lead to disaster. The only favorable aspect of Jiǔ Sān is its ability to defend against enemies. If it can resist evil and maintain its position, it may remedy its own excessive forcefulness.

Example Interpretation
When reading classic literature, one must also progress gradually. It’s not enough to rush through the pages or memorize passages by rote. Only through careful reflection, digestion, and repeated pondering can one truly grasp the deeper meanings behind the words. Rushing through the material or mechanically memorizing it diminishes the joy of reading and, more importantly, stunts the development of critical thinking skills.

(Liù Sì)

Hóng jiàn yú mù. Huò dé qí jué. Wú jiù.
“Jué” refers to a level branch, symbolizing stability. The Liù Sì line, positioned in the Yīn (feminine) position, aligns with the fifth line and represents the growth of the wild goose into the trees. However, unlike the goose, which cannot rest comfortably on a branch because it is a water bird, the situation for Liù Sì is different. As the hexagram progresses, the Liù Sì line, though in a seemingly precarious position, is supported by the strong, assertive energy of Jiǔ Wǔ, representing a wise ruler. This cooperation ensures that the situation remains stable and safe, even if it’s in a potentially dangerous position, much like a goose finding shelter on a secure, level branch. Thus, it is free from harm and remains “without fault.”

Example Interpretation
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Wang Meng, a Han Chinese official, gained the deep trust of the Xiongnu (Huns)-born emperor, Fu Jian, of the Former Qin Dynasty. In just one year, he was promoted five times, gaining tremendous influence. Despite facing malicious attacks from rival officials, Wang Meng continued to receive unwavering support from Fu Jian. This strong backing allowed him to effectively implement reforms, even in the face of danger. “Hóng jiàn yú mù, dé qí jué, wú jiù”—this is the perfect description of Wang Meng’s position: supported, stable, and without harm.

(Jiǔ Wǔ):

Hóng jiàn yú líng. Fù sān suì bù yùn. Zhōng mò zhī shèng. Jí.
“Fù” refers to the Liù Èr line. “Líng” denotes a high, towering mound or earth hill, which symbolizes the highest resting place of the wild goose. In the Jiǔ Wǔ line, the Yáng (masculine) energy of the hexagram is present, positioned centrally in the upper part, which reflects strength, balance, and virtue. Although this line corresponds with Liù Èr in the lower part, it is separated by the Jiǔ Sān and Liù Sì lines, both of which stand in opposition and are somewhat disruptive. However, the emphasis of the Jiàn hexagram is on gradual, steady progress, and as a result, both Liù Èr and Jiǔ Wǔ exhibit patience and trust. The phrase “the wife is barren for three years” metaphorically speaks to the deep, enduring trust between Liù Èr and Jiǔ Wǔ. They have waited for each other for a long time, their will unshaken by the interference of Jiǔ Sān and Liù Sì. Eventually, their trust leads to success, and the outcome is auspicious.

Example Interpretation
In the traditional Chinese opera Xuē Píngguì yǔ Wáng Bǎochuàn (薛平贵与王宝钏), the story of Wang Baochuan is a perfect analogy. She waited patiently for eighteen years in the cold cave, unwavering in her faith that her husband would return. After enduring countless hardships, the couple is finally reunited, much like the relationship between Liù Èr and Jiǔ Wǔ, which, despite the obstacles posed by Jiǔ Sān and Liù Sì, ultimately culminates in success due to their steadfast commitment.

(Shàng Jiǔ)

Hóng jiàn yú lù. Qí yǔ kě yòng wéi yí. Jí.
“Lù” refers to the heavenly thoroughfare, a term used in astronomy for pathways like the northern and western routes. “Hóng jiàn yú lù” suggests that the wild goose has soared up to the highest sky, flying unhindered across vast distances, with wings spread wide, free to travel wherever it pleases. “Yí” implies an example to follow, symbolizing the wild goose’s graceful, coordinated flight, which others can emulate. By the time the hexagram reaches the Jiǔ Wǔ line, the path of gradual progress is complete. Only by progressing step by step can one finally spread their wings and soar to great heights, setting the stage for an expansive future. Therefore, Shàng Jiǔ represents the culmination of the journey, and its outcome is marked as auspicious.

Example Interpretation
When young people first enter society, they should resist the temptation to rush ahead or seek immediate recognition. Instead, they should focus on building their skills, gaining experience, and preparing themselves. Only by moving forward steadily, step by step, can they eventually “soar to the skies” like the wild goose in the Jiàn hexagram, unfolding their full potential and achieving great things. Just as the goose soars freely and confidently, so too will those who follow the gradual path to success.